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Gymnanthemum coloratum; photograph Dr. J.C. Knobel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SADr. J.C. Knobel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn

Asteraceae · Cape Verde, Benin +25

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Gymnanthemum coloratum, photograph Dr. J.C. Knobel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph Dr. J.C. Knobel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph Pierre Van Eeden, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph Pierre Van Eeden, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph Pierre Van Eeden, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 6 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
13.6°C
Record low 10.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
33°C
Jan, Feb and Mar at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,135mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A rainy season, April to July and September to October (the habitat's months, not shifted), neither the cool nor the warm half of the year. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Gymnanthemum

Gymnanthemum is a genus of plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae. Species of the genus are found in Asia, Africa and South America.Species

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Gymnanthemum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the median year's rain (768 mm of 1,021 mm) falls in April to July and September to October, whose mean temperature, 25.8 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 26.2 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,021 mm in the median year at the habitat, 768 mm of it April to July and September to October. Wettest month June at 163 mm, driest month January at 10 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 676 mm to 1,320 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,135 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,021 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 13.6 °C, the absolute minimum 10.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.7 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 20.5 °C in December (across the grid cells of the range 18.2 °C to 23.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 33.1 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 13.6 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +2 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Gymnanthemum coloratum through the yearWarmest months January, February and March, mean daily high 33 °C; coldest month December, mean nightly low 20.5 °C; 1,021 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°39.7° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER10.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 25–37RH 58–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 224 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C33 / 28–3533 / 28–3633 / 27–3632 / 26–3530 / 24–3329 / 22–3128 / 22–2927 / 23–2929 / 26–3030 / 26–3131 / 27–3431 / 28–34
Night °C21 / 19–2322 / 19–2523 / 18–2524 / 15–2523 / 12–2422 / 10–2321 / 9–2321 / 11–2221 / 13–2321 / 15–2321 / 17–2421 / 18–24
Rain mm10 / 2–16030 / 7–16073 / 32–12489 / 41–131134 / 14–174163 / 8–229132 / 8–23583 / 10–279154 / 18–22396 / 48–16042 / 8–11915 / 3–151
DLI37 / 34–3937 / 35–4135 / 32–4034 / 28–3831 / 25–3527 / 22–3125 / 23–2826 / 24–3030 / 26–3432 / 29–3635 / 31–3836 / 32–38
RH %58 / 39–6459 / 41–6560 / 49–6561 / 57–6663 / 55–6766 / 54–6967 / 53–6967 / 53–7067 / 53–6964 / 55–6960 / 51–6659 / 42–65

Records on both sides of the equator: the 50 cells at least 10° north of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 224 cells that remain: the 84 at least 10° south and the 140 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 224 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (325 records in those cells; 2 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1611:3638 (9.425, 1.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 10.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.6 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 224 distinct grid cells holding 325 of the 395 in-range records (2 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out) on the southern side of the equator (50 cells poleward of 10° north, 84 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1611:3638 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 9.50_1.875, lapse-corrected +2 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 379 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 5396914 (Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake, 1267 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeCape Verde, Benin, Burkina, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Northern Provinces · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker6.9, 2.183 · in the densest population, 228 records (32% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 704 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 325 of them in the land cells it reads, of 395 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 595 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 115 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 309 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 5396914 (Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake): Kew's file holds it as Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake (synonym under Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn); 1,267 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 704 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Gymnanthemum coloratum, photograph 1did not loadGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph 2did not loadGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph 3did not loadGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph 4did not loadGymnanthemum coloratum, photograph 5did not load

Photographs: Dr. J.C. Knobel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); Pierre Van Eeden, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Vigna unguiculata Vigna unguiculata Cowpea Photo: CC BY, Greg III EsperaSolanum scabrum Solanum scabrum Garden huckleberry Photo: CC BY, Иван ПристремTetrapleura tetraptera Tetrapleura tetraptera Aridan Photo: CC0, author not statedCrossandra flava Crossandra flava Acanthaceae Photo: CC BY, Tournasol7Abutilon mauritianum Abutilon mauritianum Malvaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Emanuele SantarelliRothmannia urcelliformis Rothmannia urcelliformis Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Sunday Berlioz KAKPO

Other Gymnanthemum 3 in the reference

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Bittertea Photo: CC BY, Abdul Hanif ArromyGymnanthemum corymbosum Gymnanthemum corymbosum Mountain Bittertea Photo: CC BY-SA, alanbedfordshawGymnanthemum extensum Gymnanthemum extensum Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Xufanc

Names & registers

Also known as Gymnanthemum senegalense; Conyza aurea; Conyza rutilans; Baccharis senegalensis; Cacalia colorata and 10 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Willd.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn
Native to
Cape Verde, Benin, Burkina +24
Wild records
704 in range · 595 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn (plant_name_id 3220403), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1267 records of GBIF's key 5396914, Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake (Kew's file holds it as Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake (synonym under Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn)): the GBIF download; 17 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (17 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 9.50_1.875, lapse-corrected +2 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 943539-1, POWO 943539-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 91 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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