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Jacobaea subalpina; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-07-13

Jacobaea subalpina (W.D.J.Koch) Pelser & Veldkamp

Asteraceae · Austria, Czechoslovakia +8

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Jacobaea subalpina, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJacobaea subalpina, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJacobaea subalpina, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJacobaea subalpina, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJacobaea subalpina, photograph (c) Katrin Simon, some rights reserved (CC BY)Jacobaea subalpina, photograph (c) Marek Hrušovský, some rights reserved (CC BY) 67 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-19.8°C
Record low -33.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
18°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,343mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
6–32DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Jacobaea

Jacobaea is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Senecioneae and the family Asteraceae. Its members used to be placed in the genus Senecio, but have been separated into the segregate genus Jacobaea on the basis of molecular phylogenetics in order to maintain genera that are monophyletic.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Jacobaea", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,007 mm of 1,328 mm) takes 8 months, March, May to September and November to December. Mean temperature moves 19.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to March, May to June and September.

Rain

1,328 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,007 mm of it March, May to September and November to December. Wettest month July at 170 mm, driest month February at 70 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,037 mm to 1,871 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,343 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,328 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 6 to 32 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 34).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -19.8 °C, the absolute minimum -33.8 °C, 7,611 frost nights in 44 years, 173.0 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -9.1 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -12.2 °C to -7.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 18.3 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -19.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +255 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Jacobaea subalpina through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 18 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -9.1 °C; 1,328 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-40°-20°0°20°40°frost26.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-33.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 6–32RH 61–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 324 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-2 / -5–0-1 / -4–13 / -1–58 / 5–1014 / 10–1516 / 13–1818 / 15–2018 / 15–2014 / 11–1610 / 6–113 / 0–5-1 / -4–1
Night °C-9 / -12–-7-9 / -12–-7-5 / -9–-3-1 / -5–04 / 0–67 / 4–99 / 6–119 / 6–116 / 2–72 / -2–3-3 / -7–-2-8 / -11–-6
Rain mm79 / 55–11970 / 51–10391 / 67–13583 / 68–118133 / 107–178162 / 121–227170 / 127–252148 / 107–225119 / 90–16889 / 69–12594 / 72–12890 / 66–128
DLI7 / 6–1012 / 11–1520 / 18–2328 / 26–3132 / 30–3432 / 31–3432 / 30–3428 / 27–3020 / 18–2214 / 12–168 / 6–106 / 4–8
RH %65 / 60–6965 / 62–6864 / 62–6661 / 59–6462 / 61–6564 / 62–6663 / 62–6563 / 62–6566 / 64–6866 / 63–6867 / 63–7067 / 62–70
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 324 grid cells holding the 1165 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 813:3997 (49.325, 19.875). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -33.8 °C, 1st-percentile night -19.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 324 distinct grid cells holding 1165 of the 1165 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 813:3997 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 49.50_20.000, lapse-corrected +255 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 968 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAustria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia, Ukraine · introduced: North European Russia · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker49.206, 19.683 · in the densest population, 1411 records (72% of those in range)
Kew's description“temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1951 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1165 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1370 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 10 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 786 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3097249 (Senecio subalpinus K.Koch, 1834): Kew's file holds it as Senecio subalpinus W.D.J.Koch (synonym under Jacobaea subalpina (W.D.J.Koch) Pelser & Veldkamp); 900 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1951 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Jacobaea subalpina, photograph 1did not loadJacobaea subalpina, photograph 2did not loadJacobaea subalpina, photograph 3did not loadJacobaea subalpina, photograph 4did not loadJacobaea subalpina, photograph 5did not loadJacobaea subalpina, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (4); (c) Katrin Simon, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Marek Hrušovský, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Calamagrostis villosa Calamagrostis villosa Poaceae Photo: CC BY, Vladimír FukaAconitum firmum Aconitum firmum Ranunculaceae Photo: CC BY, Jens-Christian SvenningScorzonera rosea Scorzonera rosea Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Matteo MartiniDianthus alpinus Dianthus alpinus Caryophyllaceae Photo: CC BY, EliasNoccaea alpestris Noccaea alpestris Alpine Pennycress Photo: CC BY, Patrick HackerCampanula serrata Campanula serrata Campanulaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Jacobaea 16 in the reference

Jacobaea abrotanifolia Jacobaea abrotanifolia Pinnate-leaved Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Gianmaria BonariJacobaea adonidifolia Jacobaea adonidifolia Adonis-leaved Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleJacobaea alpina Jacobaea alpina Alpine ragwort Photo: CC BY, Claude KolwelterJacobaea analoga Jacobaea analoga Himalayan Golden Daisy Photo: Public domain, Dr. Altaf Ahmad DastiJacobaea aquatica Jacobaea aquatica Marsh Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Joss CarrJacobaea auricula Jacobaea auricula Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Javier martinloJacobaea cannabifolia Jacobaea cannabifolia Aleutian ragwort Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoJacobaea carniolica Jacobaea carniolica Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, CenaidaJacobaea erratica Jacobaea erratica Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedJacobaea erucifolia Jacobaea erucifolia Hoary ragwort Photo: CC0, author not statedJacobaea incana Jacobaea incana Grey Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Louis AuregliaJacobaea leucophylla Jacobaea leucophylla Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Hannah Rogers all 17 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Cineraria arnautorum; Cineraria cordifolia; Cineraria cordifolia var. auriculata; Cineraria scordiifolia var. auriculata; Jacobaea arnautorum and 8 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(W.D.J.Koch) Pelser & Veldkamp
Native to
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany +7
Wild records
1951 in range · 1370 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 900 records of GBIF's key 3097249, Senecio subalpinus K.Koch, 1834 (Kew's file holds it as Senecio subalpinus W.D.J.Koch (synonym under Jacobaea subalpina (W.D.J.Koch) Pelser & Veldkamp)): GBIF occurrence search API; 4 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 49.50_20.000, lapse-corrected +255 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 55 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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