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Leucadendron macowanii; photograph (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2026-09-16

Leucadendron macowanii E.Phillips

Acacia-leaf Conebush; Wattleleaf Conebush

Proteaceae · Cape Provinces

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Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Caroline Voget, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Caroline Voget, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Caroline Voget, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron macowanii, photograph (c) Caroline Voget, some rights reserved (CC BY) 72 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Coldest month, mean nightly low
12.1°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
20°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
951mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
15–52DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to March (April to September at the habitat), read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 28 records in 4 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Leucadendron macowanii, the acacia-leaf conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape, South Africa.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Leucadendron macowanii", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Leucadendron

Leucadendron is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where they are a prominent part of the fynbos ecoregion and vegetation type.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Leucadendron", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (742 mm of 953 mm) falls in April to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 14.4 °C against a yearly mean of 16.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to March.

Rain

953 mm in the median year at the habitat, 742 mm of it April to September. Wettest month July at 167 mm, driest month February at 27 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 819 mm to 1,056 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 951 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 953 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 15 to 52 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 12.1 °C in July and August (across the grid cells of the range 11.3 °C to 13.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 19.9 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 12.1 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, July and August, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 28 records in 4 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Leucadendron macowanii through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 20 °C; coldest months July and August, mean nightly low 12.1 °C; 953 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 15–52RH 60–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 4 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C20 / 19–2020 / 20–2019 / 19–1918 / 17–1817 / 16–1715 / 15–1615 / 14–1515 / 14–1515 / 15–1516 / 16–1617 / 17–1819 / 19–19
Night °C18 / 17–1818 / 17–1817 / 16–1815 / 15–1614 / 13–1513 / 12–1412 / 11–1312 / 11–1313 / 12–1414 / 13–1515 / 15–1617 / 16–17
Rain mm30 / 29–3227 / 25–2935 / 32–3782 / 74–90120 / 101–133153 / 129–171167 / 141–187131 / 111–14789 / 74–10148 / 42–5338 / 34–4133 / 30–35
DLI52 / 51–5246 / 46–4737 / 37–3826 / 26–2719 / 18–2015 / 15–1617 / 16–1822 / 22–2331 / 30–3241 / 41–4249 / 48–4952 / 52–52
RH %64 / 63–6565 / 63–6665 / 62–6664 / 61–6563 / 61–6360 / 59–6160 / 58–6061 / 60–6262 / 61–6362 / 61–6363 / 61–6463 / 62–64

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 8% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 8.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 25.3 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 4 grid cells holding the 28 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2485:3969 (-34.275, 18.475). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 4 distinct grid cells holding 28 of the 28 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2485:3969 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 8% land and none of the 3 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -34.50_18.750, lapse-corrected +56 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 129 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCape Provinces · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-34.253, 18.453 · in the densest population, 47 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 47 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 28 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 19 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 47 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Leucadendron macowanii, photograph 1did not loadLeucadendron macowanii, photograph 2did not loadLeucadendron macowanii, photograph 3did not loadLeucadendron macowanii, photograph 4did not loadLeucadendron macowanii, photograph 5did not loadLeucadendron macowanii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2); (c) Caroline Voget, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Erica halicacaba Erica halicacaba Bladder Heath Photo: CC0, author not statedAloiampelos commixta Aloiampelos commixta Peninsula Rambling Aloe Photo: CC BY-SA, Jeanette ClarkeSerruria cyanoides Serruria cyanoides Wynberg Spiderhead Photo: CC BY, Caroline VogetLachenalia capensis Lachenalia capensis Cape Viooltjie Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLampranthus falciformis Lampranthus falciformis Aizoaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Andrew massynPseudopentameris macrantha Pseudopentameris macrantha Curlyleaf Grass Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo

Other Leucadendron 39 in the reference

Leucadendron argenteum Leucadendron argenteum Silver Tree Photo: CC BY, Jeremy GilmoreLeucadendron chamelaea Leucadendron chamelaea Witsenberg Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron cinereum Leucadendron cinereum Scraggly Conebush Photo: CC0, author not statedLeucadendron comosum Leucadendron comosum Ridge-cone Conebush Photo: CC BY, Ren HoekstraLeucadendron conicum Leucadendron conicum Garden Route Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, James DeaconLeucadendron coniferum Leucadendron coniferum Dune Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron corymbosum Leucadendron corymbosum Swartveld Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Paul EmmsLeucadendron discolor Leucadendron discolor Discolor Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron eucalyptifolium Leucadendron eucalyptifolium Gum-leaved Conebush Photo: CC BY, Karen EichholzLeucadendron floridum Leucadendron floridum Flats Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, James DeaconLeucadendron galpinii Leucadendron galpinii Hairless Conebush Photo: CC BY, ChristinaLeucadendron gandogeri Leucadendron gandogeri Broad-leaf Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo all 40 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Proteaceae
Described by
E.Phillips
Native to
Cape Provinces
Wild records
47 in range · 19 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -34.50_18.750, lapse-corrected +56 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (8% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 7 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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