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Ligustrum robustum; photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2026-02-01

Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume

Tree privet; Privet; Sri Lankan privet; Ceylon Privét

Oleaceae · Assam, Bangladesh +9

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Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Ligustrum robustum, photograph (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) 67 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
9.4°C
Record low 4.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Mar and Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,366mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, June to September (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Ligustrum robustum grows as a shrub or small tree up to 10 m (30 ft) tall though old specimens of more than a hundred years have been observed with a height of 15 m (50 ft). The fruit of the shrub is an ellipsoid berry, bluish-purple when fully ripe, 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) × 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ligustrum robustum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Ligustrum

A privet is a flowering plant in the genus Ligustrum. The genus contains about 50 species of erect, deciduous or evergreen shrubs or trees, with a native distribution from Europe to tropical and subtropical Asia, and with one species each native to Australia and north Africa. Some species have become widely naturalized or invasive where introduced. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Privet", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,194 mm of 2,955 mm) falls in June to September. The temperature curve is flat, 3.6 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The temperature curve moves under 4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,955 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,194 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 767 mm, driest months (2 at 9 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,138 mm to 5,155 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,366 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,955 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 18, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 9.4 °C, the absolute minimum 4.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.7 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.5 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 10.2 °C to 16.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.3 °C in March (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 9.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 80% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +102 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Ligustrum robustum through the yearWarmest months March and April, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 14.5 °C; 2,955 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°40.7° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER4.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0500100015002000mm rainDLI 22–43RH 53–80%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 55 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 22–3029 / 24–3130 / 25–3330 / 25–3328 / 23–3225 / 21–2724 / 20–2523 / 20–2525 / 21–2725 / 21–2825 / 20–2926 / 20–29
Night °C15 / 10–1715 / 11–1717 / 13–1919 / 15–2120 / 15–2219 / 15–2219 / 14–2119 / 14–2118 / 14–2018 / 13–2017 / 13–1815 / 11–17
Rain mm9 / 2–339 / 1–3334 / 6–116105 / 27–231162 / 100–324580 / 61–1118767 / 61–1759520 / 83–1181327 / 148–499268 / 219–435134 / 48–27740 / 8–80
DLI36 / 35–3840 / 39–4243 / 41–4440 / 36–4436 / 31–4024 / 21–3022 / 18–3024 / 19–3227 / 26–3430 / 27–3231 / 28–3333 / 31–35
RH %55 / 48–5853 / 45–5654 / 49–5961 / 55–6867 / 58–7478 / 67–8180 / 67–8579 / 67–8475 / 66–7768 / 62–7264 / 53–6858 / 49–63
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 55 grid cells holding the 98 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1412:5075 (19.375, 73.775). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 4.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 9.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 55 distinct grid cells holding 98 of the 98 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1412:5075 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_73.750, lapse-corrected +102 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 678 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAssam, Bangladesh, India, Laccadive Is., Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam · introduced: Mauritius, Réunion · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker11.352, 76.837 · in the densest population, 75 records (49% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 153 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 98 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 129 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 163 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 55 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3682824 (Ligustrum minii Raizada): Kew's file holds it as Ligustrum minii Raizada (illegitimate under Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume); 19 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 153 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Ligustrum robustum, photograph 1did not loadLigustrum robustum, photograph 2did not loadLigustrum robustum, photograph 3did not loadLigustrum robustum, photograph 4did not loadLigustrum robustum, photograph 5did not loadLigustrum robustum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Sirhookera lanceolata Sirhookera lanceolata Orchidaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedHeynea trijuga Heynea trijuga Meliaceae Photo: CC BY, rajesh rockyElaeocarpus tuberculatus Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Elaeocarpaceae Photo: CC BY, Ahirbudhnyan MThunbergia mysorensis Thunbergia mysorensis Mysore trumpetvine Photo: CC BY, Nadezhda BortnikovaAcrocarpus fraxinifolius Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Kenya coffeeshade Photo: CC BY, T R Shankar RamanCeropegia elegans Ceropegia elegans Mysore Ceropegia Photo: CC0, S.MORE

Other Ligustrum 20 in the reference

Ligustrum compactum Oleaceae Ligustrum confusum Oleaceae Ligustrum delavayanum Ligustrum delavayanum Oleaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, FreCha Ligustrum foliosum Korean privet Ligustrum henryi Oleaceae Ligustrum ibota Ligustrum ibota Oleaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof GolikLigustrum japonicum Ligustrum japonicum Japanese privet Photo: CC BY, WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁 Ligustrum leucanthum Sharp-leaf privet Ligustrum liukiuense Ligustrum liukiuense Oleaceae Photo: CC BY, 謝麗霦Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum lucidum Glossy privet Photo: CC BY, Alison NorthupLigustrum obtusifolium Ligustrum obtusifolium Border privet Photo: CC BY, Sandy WolkenbergLigustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden privet Photo: CC0, author not stated all 21 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Olea robusta; Phillyrea robusta; Visiania robusta. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Oleaceae
Described by
(Roxb.) Blume
Native to
Assam, Bangladesh, India +8
Wild records
153 in range · 129 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 19 records of GBIF's key 3682824, Ligustrum minii Raizada (Kew's file holds it as Ligustrum minii Raizada (illegitimate under Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume)): GBIF occurrence search API; 4 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (3 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_73.750, lapse-corrected +102 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 41 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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