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Livistona drudei; photograph David J. Stang, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SADavid J. Stang, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Livistona drudei F.Muell. ex Drude

Drude’s palm; Halifax fan palm; Fan Palm

Arecaceae · Queensland · listed by its genus as a tropical foliage plant

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Livistona drudei, photograph Ruff tuff cream puff, CC0, via Wikimedia CommonsLivistona drudei, photograph Mark Marathon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsLivistona drudei, photograph Mark Marathon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsLivistona drudei, photograph David J. Stang, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsLivistona drudei, photograph David J. Stang, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 6 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.9°C
Record low 6.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jan and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,913mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
24–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to October (December to April at the habitat), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Livistona drudei is a species of palm tree. It is endemic to Queensland in Australia, where it grows in moist forest habitat. It is endangered by loss of habitat.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Livistona drudei", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Livistona

Livistona is a genus of palms, the botanical family Arecaceae, native to southeastern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Livistona", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a tropical foliage plant, listed under the genus Livistona in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “tree”, “seasonally dry tropical”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,487 mm of 1,933 mm) falls in December to April, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.0 °C against a yearly mean of 23.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to October.

Rain

1,933 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,487 mm of it December to April. Wettest month February at 459 mm, driest months (3 at 38 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,547 mm to 2,773 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,913 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,933 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.9 °C, the absolute minimum 6.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 16.7 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 14.3 °C to 17.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.7 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -258 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Livistona in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “tree”, “seasonally dry tropical”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Livistona drudei through the yearWarmest months January and December, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 16.7 °C; 1,933 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°37.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER6.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 24–42RH 60–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 14 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 28–2928 / 28–2928 / 27–2826 / 25–2724 / 23–2522 / 21–2322 / 21–2222 / 22–2324 / 24–2526 / 26–2728 / 27–2829 / 28–29
Night °C25 / 23–2525 / 23–2524 / 22–2422 / 20–2320 / 18–2118 / 15–1917 / 14–1817 / 15–1819 / 17–2021 / 20–2223 / 21–2424 / 23–25
Rain mm410 / 283–537459 / 375–601264 / 188–453180 / 120–302101 / 55–17650 / 35–8138 / 27–8338 / 32–6238 / 28–6748 / 40–76133 / 101–172174 / 157–217
DLI39 / 37–4236 / 34–3835 / 34–3730 / 30–3226 / 25–2724 / 24–2525 / 25–2730 / 29–3238 / 37–3942 / 41–4342 / 41–4441 / 40–44
RH %64 / 62–7065 / 64–7163 / 62–6863 / 62–6762 / 60–6661 / 59–6460 / 59–6360 / 59–6461 / 59–6361 / 59–6562 / 60–6663 / 61–68
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 14 grid cells holding the 14 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2180:6528 (-19.025, 146.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 14 distinct grid cells holding 14 of the 14 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2180:6528 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.00_146.250, lapse-corrected -258 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 8 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeQueensland · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-19.1, 146.4 · in the densest population, 24 records (92% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 26 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 14 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 15 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 12 km away. 12 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 26 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Livistona drudei, photograph 1did not loadLivistona drudei, photograph 2did not loadLivistona drudei, photograph 3did not loadLivistona drudei, photograph 4did not loadLivistona drudei, photograph 5did not load

Photographs: Ruff tuff cream puff, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons; Mark Marathon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); David J. Stang, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Pittosporum ferrugineum Pittosporum ferrugineum Rusty Pittosporum Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyChionanthus ramiflorus Chionanthus ramiflorus Native Olive Photo: CC BY, Richard LittauerPtychosperma elegans Ptychosperma elegans Alexander palm Photo: CC BY, Josiah LonderéeLeea nova-guineensis Leea nova-guineensis Bandicoot berry Photo: CC BY-SA, Steve FitzgeraldFicus congesta Ficus congesta Cluster fig Photo: CC BY, Andrew AllenSyzygium claviflorum Syzygium claviflorum Myrtaceae Photo: CC BY, Michael Hains

Other Livistona 13 in the reference

Livistona australis Livistona australis Cabbage tree palm Photo: CC BY, ZaraLivistona benthamii Livistona benthamii Arecaceae Photo: CC BY, Stella FishLivistona carinensis Livistona carinensis Bankoualé Palm Photo: CC BY-SA, David J. StangLivistona chinensis Livistona chinensis Chinese fan palm Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Te HsuLivistona decora Livistona decora Ribbon Fan Palm Photo: CC BY, Scott W. GavinsLivistona fulva Livistona fulva Blackdown Fan Palm Photo: CC BY, Martin Hannan-JonesLivistona humilis Livistona humilis Cabbage palm Photo: CC BY, Stella FishLivistona jenkinsiana Livistona jenkinsiana Himalayan fan palm Photo: CC BY, chintan shethLivistona mariae Livistona mariae Central Australian cabbage palm Photo: CC BY, Gary DicksonLivistona muelleri Livistona muelleri Arecaceae Photo: CC BY, Bryce Watts-ParkerLivistona nitida Livistona nitida Carnarvon Fan Palm Photo: CC BY, quirinoLivistona saribus Livistona saribus Taraw palm Photo: CC BY, Jens-Christian Svenning all 14 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Arecaceae
Described by
F.Muell. ex Drude
Native to
Queensland
Wild records
26 in range · 15 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.00_146.250, lapse-corrected -258 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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