Species
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Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.

Curry Leaf, Curryleaftree, Gandhela, Hanga hazo

Climate known 22 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Bergera koenigii, synonym Murraya koenigii, and commonly known as curry tree, curry bush or sweet neem, is a tree in the citrus family Rutaceae, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, southern China and mainland Southeast Asia, and it has been introduced to other parts of Southeast Asia and to Australia. Its leaves are used in many culinary dishes in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

Text from Wikipedia, “Curry tree”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Murraya

Murraya is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The center of diversity is in southern China and Southeast Asia. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Murraya”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Rutaceae
Described by
(L.) Spreng.
Native to
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast +13
Wild records
316 in range· 179 open

At a glance

Warmest month
33°C
Mar, mean day; nights 23 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1824mm/yr
10 wet months · peak Jul 377 mm (CHELSA)
Light
28–41DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a rainy season, June to October at the habitat (not shifted), at the year's mean temperature, so called neither winter nor summer. Habitat rain 1824 mm a year, wettest July at 377 mm, driest January at 15 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 41 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 14.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Bergera koenigii L.; Camunium koenigii (L.) Kuntze; Chalcas koenigii (L.) Kurz; Chalcas siamensis (Craib) Yu.Tanaka; Murraya foetidissima Teijsm. & Binn. and 2 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a rainy season, June to October at the habitat (not shifted), at the year's mean temperature, so called neither winter nor summer.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the year's rain (1397 mm of 1824 mm) falls in June to October, whose mean temperature, 26.2 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 26.3 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere, within 10° of the equator; with no thermal season there there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1824 mm a year, wettest July at 377 mm, driest January at 15 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1824 mm a year at the habitat, 1397 mm of it June to October. Wettest month July at 377 mm, driest January at 15 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 848 mm to 3212 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 41 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 14.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 14.9 °C, the absolute minimum 12.3 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.0 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 18.9 °C in January (across the envelope cells 7.6 °C to 23.5 °C), warmest day 32.5 °C in March (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 14.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 28 °C in Aug to 33 °C in Mar; mean night from 19 °C in Jan to 25 °C in May. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1824 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 202 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 12.3 °C and the 99th-percentile day 41.0 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°41.0° 99th-percentile day (undated)12.3° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 28–41RH 57–68 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 202 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 20–3230 / 23–3433 / 28–3533 / 29–3831 / 29–3929 / 28–3628 / 27–3328 / 27–3229 / 27–3229 / 27–3129 / 25–3028 / 22–30
Night °C19 / 8–2420 / 10–2423 / 15–2524 / 20–2625 / 22–2725 / 22–2724 / 22–2624 / 21–2624 / 21–2523 / 19–2521 / 14–2419 / 9–24
Rain mm15 / 4–3421 / 4–5030 / 8–9171 / 7–192157 / 24–271270 / 66–770377 / 116–786310 / 127–551252 / 125–325188 / 41–387108 / 7–23225 / 5–59
DLI34 / 25–3739 / 30–4041 / 36–4341 / 37–4538 / 32–4631 / 26–3828 / 24–3228 / 25–3331 / 27–3531 / 29–3330 / 27–3231 / 24–34
RH %57 / 51–6157 / 48–6158 / 46–6261 / 42–6564 / 45–6767 / 53–7168 / 60–7268 / 62–7167 / 59–6964 / 53–6962 / 50–6759 / 51–63

Each figure is the median across the 202 grid cells holding the 310 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1575:5147 (11.225, 77.375). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 12.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 202 distinct grid cells holding the 310 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1575:5147 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 11.00_77.500, lapse-corrected +42 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 326 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaya· introduced: Gulf States, Laccadive Is., Maldives, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., Jawa, Sumatera, Christmas I., Fiji
Kew's description“shrub” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker9.297, 76.705 · in the densest population, 143 records (45% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 316 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 179 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 112 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 6 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 316 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Murraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigiiMurraya koenigii

Photographs: scallions, BY via GBIF · CC BY (8).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Murraya koenigii, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Green approach to corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid solutions by the extract of Murraya koenigii leaves
M.A. Quraishi, Ambrish Singh, Vinod Kumar Singh, Dileep Kumar Yadav (2010) · Materials Chemistry and Physics
Murraya Koenigii leaf-assisted rapid green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles
Daizy Philip, C. Unni, S. Aswathy Aromal, V.K. Vidhu (2010) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: Spices as beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts
Krishnapura Srinivasan (2005) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Antioxidative Activity of Carbazoles fromMurraya koenigiiLeaves
Yukari Tachibana, Hiroe Kikuzaki, Nordin H. Lajis, Nobuji Nakatani (2001) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices
Nobuji Nakatani (2000) · BioFactors
Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii
Russel S. Ramsewak, Muraleedharan G. Nair, Gale M. Strasburg, David L. DeWitt (1999) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Murrastifoline-F: First Total Synthesis, Atropo-Enantiomer Resolution, and Stereoanalysis of an Axially Chiral N,C-Coupled Biaryl Alkaloid
Gerhard Bringmann, Stefan Tasler, H. Endress, Jürgen Kraus (2001) · Journal of the American Chemical Society
Hypoglycemic effects of Murraya koenigii on normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits
Achyut Narayan Kesari, Rajesh Kumar Gupta, Geeta Watal (2005) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Murraya koenigii (L.) against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
Faizan Abul Qais, Anam Shafiq, Haris M. Khan, Fohad Mabood Husain (2019) · Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using murraya koenigii (curry leaf): An investigation on the effect of broth concentration in reduction mechanism and particle size
Laura Christensen, Singaravelu Vivekanandhan, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. Mohanty (2011) · Advanced Materials Letters
Chemistry of spices
(2008) · CABI eBooks

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Murraya 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence search API
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: not asked: 22 wild photographs already from the GBIF download
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 3 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.