Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Narcissus fernandesii; photograph Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Public domainJacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Narcissus fernandesii Pedro

Amaryllidaceae · Portugal, Spain · listed by its genus as a bulb, tuber or caudex

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Narcissus fernandesii, photograph Cillas, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsNarcissus fernandesii, photograph Consultaplantas, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsNarcissus fernandesii, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsNarcissus fernandesii, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsNarcissus fernandesii, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsNarcissus fernandesii, photograph Motohiro Sunouchi, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-3.7°C
Record low -6.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
32°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
624mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–50DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February and April, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex, listed under the genus Narcissus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (456 mm of 616 mm) falls in October to February and April, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 11.3 °C against a yearly mean of 16.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August and October.

Rain

616 mm in the median year at the habitat, 456 mm of it October to February and April. Wettest month December at 104 mm, driest month July at 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 462 mm to 766 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 624 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 616 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 50 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 12, the highest 90th-percentile month 51).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -3.7 °C, the absolute minimum -6.9 °C, 1,304 frost nights in 44 years, 29.6 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 2.8 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 1.1 °C to 6.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 32.3 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 46 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +260 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Narcissus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Narcissus fernandesii through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 32 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 2.8 °C; 616 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost38.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-6.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125150mm rainDLI 13–50RH 46–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 97 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C12 / 10–1414 / 12–1617 / 15–1919 / 16–2123 / 20–2428 / 26–3032 / 30–3532 / 29–3428 / 25–2921 / 19–2416 / 14–1812 / 10–15
Night °C3 / 1–64 / 2–76 / 4–98 / 6–1011 / 9–1316 / 14–1819 / 17–2019 / 17–2116 / 14–1812 / 10–147 / 5–104 / 2–8
Rain mm68 / 44–8957 / 39–7449 / 33–6065 / 52–7747 / 38–5619 / 12–275 / 2–88 / 6–1032 / 26–3973 / 55–9789 / 54–115104 / 72–138
DLI16 / 14–1722 / 20–2331 / 29–3237 / 36–3843 / 42–4449 / 47–5050 / 50–5145 / 44–4635 / 33–3624 / 23–2517 / 15–1813 / 12–14
RH %61 / 60–6259 / 58–6155 / 54–5855 / 53–5853 / 51–5649 / 47–5346 / 43–5047 / 44–5150 / 49–5656 / 54–6060 / 58–6162 / 61–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 97 grid cells holding the 146 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1041:3487 (37.925, -5.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -6.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 97 distinct grid cells holding 146 of the 146 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1041:3487 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.00_-5.625, lapse-corrected +260 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 677 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the keys of the names Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 2858915 (Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii (Pedro) Zonn., 9 records), 2858917 (Narcissus fernandesii Pedro, 305 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativePortugal, Spain · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker38.157, -4.002 · in the densest population, 118 records (73% of those in range)
Kew's description“bulbous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 161 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 146 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 40 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 152 km away. 15 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 2858915 (Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii (Pedro) Zonn.): Kew's file holds it as Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii (Pedro) Zonn. (synonym under Narcissus fernandesii Pedro); 9 records, from GBIF's download.Records also from GBIF's key 2858917 (Narcissus fernandesii Pedro): Kew's file holds it as Narcissus fernandesii Pedro (accepted); 305 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 161 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Narcissus fernandesii, photograph 1did not loadNarcissus fernandesii, photograph 2did not loadNarcissus fernandesii, photograph 3did not loadNarcissus fernandesii, photograph 4did not loadNarcissus fernandesii, photograph 5did not loadNarcissus fernandesii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Cillas, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Consultaplantas, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (3); Motohiro Sunouchi, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Narcissus × odorus Narcissus × odorus Campernelle jonquil Photo: CC BY, ashleyrsteelNarcissus jonquilla Narcissus jonquilla Jonquil Photo: CC BY, Barry StewartSilene mariana Silene mariana Caryophyllaceae Photo: CC BY, Santiago Martín-BravoSpergularia purpurea Spergularia purpurea Purple sandspurry Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaRetama sphaerocarpa Retama sphaerocarpa Yellow Bridal Broom Photo: CC BY, Gonzalo Ganda ÁlvarezCleonia lusitanica Cleonia lusitanica Cleonia Photo: CC BY, Duarte Frade

Other Narcissus 49 in the reference

Narcissus albicans Narcissus albicans Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY, sunoochi from Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanNarcissus assoanus Narcissus assoanus Rush-leaf jonquil Photo: CC BY, Oriol Sastre Narcissus atlanticus Amaryllidaceae Narcissus bicolor Narcissus bicolor Two-coloured Daffodil Photo: CC BY-SA, Luis FuentesNarcissus broussonetii Narcissus broussonetii Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY, Apofisis Narcissus bujei Amaryllidaceae Narcissus bulbocodium Narcissus bulbocodium Hoop-petticoat daffodil Photo: CC BY, David PereiraNarcissus calcicola Narcissus calcicola Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaNarcissus cantabricus Narcissus cantabricus White hoop petticoat daffodil Photo: CC BY, Borja FierroNarcissus cavanillesii Narcissus cavanillesii Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedNarcissus confusus Narcissus confusus Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY, frangp Narcissus cordubensis Amaryllidaceae all 50 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Narcissus fernandesii var. major; Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii; Narcissus blanchardii; Narcissus flavus; Narcissus marianicus and 1 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Amaryllidaceae
Described by
Pedro
Native to
Portugal, Spain
Wild records
161 in range · 40 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Narcissus fernandesii Pedro (plant_name_id 282612), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 9 records of GBIF's key 2858915, Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii (Pedro) Zonn. (Kew's file holds it as Narcissus jonquilla subsp. fernandesii (Pedro) Zonn. (synonym under Narcissus fernandesii Pedro)): the GBIF download; 305 records of GBIF's key 2858917, Narcissus fernandesii Pedro (Kew's file holds it as Narcissus fernandesii Pedro (accepted)): the GBIF download
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.00_-5.625, lapse-corrected +260 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 66014-1, POWO 66014-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 23 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…