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Nothofagus pumilio; photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2026-02-11

Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser

Lenga Beech

Nothofagaceae · Argentina South, Chile Central +1

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Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nothofagus pumilio, photograph (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) 87 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-11.8°C
Record low -17.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
13°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,871mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
7–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to April (April to October at the habitat), with nights below freezing; no growing season read. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Nothofagus pumilio, the lenga beech (from the Mapuche language), is a deciduous tree or shrub in the Nothofagaceae family that is native to the southern Andes range, in the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego, from 35° to 56° South latitude. This tree is in the same genus as the coihue. It regenerates easily after fires. The wood is of good quality, moderate durability, and is easy to work with. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nothofagus pumilio", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Nothofagus

Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nothofagus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season and no growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,273 mm of 1,737 mm) falls in April to October, the cooler part of the year, but the mean nightly low is below freezing in June, July, August, September, October and November, so the rule reads no growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to April.

Rain

1,737 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,273 mm of it April to October. Wettest month May at 235 mm, driest month February at 74 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 764 mm to 3,980 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,871 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,737 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 7 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 3, the highest 90th-percentile month 52).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -11.8 °C, the absolute minimum -17.8 °C, 8,241 frost nights in 44 years, 187.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 13.0 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -3.7 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range -6.5 °C to -1.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 13.4 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -11.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -249 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Nothofagus pumilio through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 13 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low -3.7 °C; 1,737 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost13.0° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-17.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 7–43RH 60–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 442 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C13 / 9–2013 / 9–2011 / 8–178 / 4–134 / 1–92 / -1–51 / -2–53 / 0–65 / 2–87 / 4–1110 / 6–1512 / 8–18
Night °C5 / 2–86 / 2–84 / 1–72 / -1–4-1 / -4–2-3 / -6–0-4 / -7–-1-3 / -6–-1-2 / -5–10 / -3–22 / -1–54 / 1–6
Rain mm93 / 47–21674 / 40–185103 / 62–260156 / 73–347235 / 66–546232 / 63–643215 / 54–514182 / 54–434130 / 48–286123 / 51–29195 / 53–22799 / 54–234
DLI42 / 34–5235 / 27–4625 / 18–3415 / 10–229 / 5–147 / 3–118 / 5–1314 / 9–1923 / 18–2932 / 27–3840 / 35–4743 / 37–51
RH %60 / 55–6660 / 54–6662 / 57–6765 / 60–6967 / 62–7168 / 63–7167 / 62–7066 / 61–6964 / 60–6763 / 59–6661 / 58–6661 / 56–66
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 442 grid cells holding the 1321 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2806:2135 (-50.325, -73.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -17.8 °C, 1st-percentile night -11.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 13.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 442 distinct grid cells holding 1321 of the 1321 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2806:2135 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -50.50_-73.125, lapse-corrected -249 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 698 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeArgentina South, Chile Central, Chile South · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-50.463, -73.027 · in the densest population, 885 records (61% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1449 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1321 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 493 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 468 km away. 4 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 128 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1449 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Nothofagus pumilio, photograph 1did not loadNothofagus pumilio, photograph 2did not loadNothofagus pumilio, photograph 3did not loadNothofagus pumilio, photograph 4did not loadNothofagus pumilio, photograph 5did not loadNothofagus pumilio, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Geum magellanicum Geum magellanicum Magellan avens Photo: CC0, author not statedCalceolaria biflora Calceolaria biflora Calceolariaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalRibes cucullatum Ribes cucullatum Grossulariaceae Photo: CC BY, Cody HinchliffOurisia ruellioides Ourisia ruellioides Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Ariadna TripaldiEscallonia alpina Escallonia alpina Escalloniaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalGaultheria pumila Gaultheria pumila Mountain berry Photo: CC BY, María Regina Silva

Other Nothofagus 18 in the reference

Nothofagus alessandrii Nothofagus alessandrii Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalNothofagus alpina Nothofagus alpina Rauli Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus antarctica Nothofagus antarctica Antarctic beech Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus betuloides Nothofagus betuloides Magellan's Beech Photo: CC BY, Sebastián Saiter V.Nothofagus cliffortioides Nothofagus cliffortioides Mountain Beech Photo: CC BY, Rick FieldNothofagus cunninghamii Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle beech Photo: CC BY, Eamonn CulhaneNothofagus dombeyi Nothofagus dombeyi Coigue Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus fusca Nothofagus fusca Red beech Photo: CC BY, Saryu Mae 前 朝琉Nothofagus glauca Nothofagus glauca Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalNothofagus gunnii Nothofagus gunnii Tanglefoot Photo: CC BY, Corey O'Brien Nothofagus × leoni Nothofagaceae Nothofagus macrocarpa Nothofagus macrocarpa Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz Grzejszczak all 19 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Calusparassus pumilio; Fagus antarctica var. bicrenata; Fagus antarctica var. pumilio; Fagus pumilio; Fagus pumilo. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Nothofagaceae
Described by
(Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser
Native to
Argentina South, Chile Central, Chile South
Wild records
1449 in range · 493 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 15 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (15 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -50.50_-73.125, lapse-corrected -249 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 47 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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