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Osteospermum vaillantii; photograph (c) Mahomed Desai, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Mahomed Desai, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-02-16

Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl.

Asteraceae · Egypt, Djibouti +13

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl.: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, (DC.) Norl.

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Osteospermum vaillantii, photograph (c) Mahomed Desai, some rights reserved (CC BY)Osteospermum vaillantii, photograph (c) Mahomed Desai, some rights reserved (CC BY)Osteospermum vaillantii, photograph (c) Elliot Kulakow, some rights reserved (CC BY)Osteospermum vaillantii, photograph susan brown, CC BY-SA, via GBIFOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph susan brown, CC BY-SA, via GBIFOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph susan brown, CC BY-SA, via GBIF 27 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
9.2°C
Record low 6.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
26°C
May and Sep at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
815mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
35–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, March to May and August to November (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Osteospermum

Osteospermum, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower/daisy family Asteraceae. They are known as the daisybushes or African daisies. Its species have been given several common names, including African daisy, South African daisy, Cape daisy and blue-eyed daisy. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Osteospermum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (273 mm of 372 mm) falls in March to May and August to November. The temperature curve is flat, 3.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

372 mm in the median year at the habitat, 273 mm of it March to May and August to November. Wettest month April at 55 mm, driest month February at 14 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 221 mm to 1,253 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 815 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 372 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 35 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 9.2 °C, the absolute minimum 6.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 27.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 12.8 °C in January and December (across the grid cells of the range 4.5 °C to 16.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 25.9 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 9.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 48 to 57% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +61 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Osteospermum vaillantii through the yearWarmest months May and September, mean daily high 26 °C; coldest months January and December, mean nightly low 12.8 °C; 372 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°27.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER6.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 35–44RH 48–57%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 39 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C23 / 15–2724 / 16–2925 / 19–2925 / 22–3026 / 23–3325 / 22–3424 / 19–3324 / 19–3326 / 21–3225 / 21–3023 / 19–2822 / 16–26
Night °C13 / 5–1713 / 6–1714 / 8–1915 / 11–2015 / 13–2215 / 12–2314 / 11–2314 / 11–2314 / 11–2214 / 10–2014 / 7–1813 / 5–17
Rain mm21 / 0–6314 / 0–4445 / 2–9355 / 5–22554 / 8–11321 / 3–11522 / 3–37132 / 3–43625 / 6–15733 / 7–20929 / 0–21821 / 0–114
DLI39 / 28–4143 / 34–4442 / 40–4743 / 38–4944 / 38–4839 / 36–4836 / 33–4638 / 35–4440 / 38–4340 / 35–4135 / 31–4136 / 27–39
RH %56 / 36–6153 / 34–5852 / 33–5853 / 33–6248 / 40–6151 / 39–5957 / 43–6056 / 45–6254 / 44–5750 / 44–5956 / 40–6556 / 37–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 39 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (97 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1796:4347 (0.175, 37.375). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 9.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 27.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 39 distinct grid cells holding 97 of the 98 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1796:4347 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 0.00_37.500, lapse-corrected +61 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1972 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeEgypt, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Palestine, Sinai, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker0.254, 37.476 · in the densest population, 77 records (40% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual or subshrub” · “desert or dry shrubland” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 193 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 97 of them in the land cells it reads, of 98 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 182 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 95 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 193 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Osteospermum vaillantii, photograph 1did not loadOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph 2did not loadOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph 3did not loadOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph 4did not loadOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph 5did not loadOsteospermum vaillantii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Mahomed Desai, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Elliot Kulakow, some rights reserved (CC BY); susan brown, CC BY-SA, via GBIF (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Jasminum grandiflorum Jasminum grandiflorum Catalonian jasmine Photo: CC BY, Jacky JudasDracaena ellenbeckiana Dracaena ellenbeckiana Kedong Dracaena Photo: CC0, author not statedDesmidorchis foetida Desmidorchis foetida Apocynaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, SalicynaEuphorbia septentrionalis Euphorbia septentrionalis Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, susan brownCraterostigma pumilum Craterostigma pumilum Linderniaceae Photo: CC BY, Morten RossCadia purpurea Cadia purpurea Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Michael Wolf (Webseite)

Other Osteospermum 11 in the reference

Osteospermum hyoseroides Osteospermum hyoseroides Dassiepee Boneseed Photo: CC0, author not statedOsteospermum imbricatum Osteospermum imbricatum Tile Boneseed Photo: CC BY, Martjie Fia FourieOsteospermum incanum Osteospermum incanum Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Jessica UtrupOsteospermum moniliferum Osteospermum moniliferum Bitou Photo: CC BY, Shaun SwanepoelOsteospermum monstrosum Osteospermum monstrosum Stinking Roger Photo: CC BY, Chantel McWilliamOsteospermum oppositifolium Osteospermum oppositifolium Stinksheep Boneseed Photo: CC0, author not statedOsteospermum polygaloides Osteospermum polygaloides Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Andrew GillespieOsteospermum polypterum Osteospermum polypterum Marguerite Photo: CC BY, Caroline VogetOsteospermum scariosum Osteospermum scariosum Sheep Boneseed Photo: CC BY, James RodgerOsteospermum sinuatum Osteospermum sinuatum Lamb Boneseed Photo: CC BY-SA, Nicola van BerkelOsteospermum tomentosum Osteospermum tomentosum Woolly Boneseed Photo: CC BY-SA, magriet b

Names & registers

Also known as Tripteris angustissima; Tripteris cheiranthifolia; Tripteris lordii; Tripteris lordii subsp. racemosa; Tripteris racemosa and 1 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Decne.) Norl.
Native to
Egypt, Djibouti, Eritrea +12
Wild records
193 in range · 182 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 3126622 is Osteospermum vaillantii (DC.) Norl.; the page links Kew's Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl., and the name is cited as Kew cites it
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 0.00_37.500, lapse-corrected +61 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 29 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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