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Phoenix acaulis; photograph (c) Jens-Christian Svenning, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Jens-Christian Svenning, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2025-01-30

Phoenix acaulis Roxb.

Dwarf date palm; Stemless date palm

Arecaceae · Assam, Bangladesh +3

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Phoenix acaulis, photograph (c) Jens-Christian Svenning, some rights reserved (CC BY)Phoenix acaulis, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPhoenix acaulis, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 4 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
6.2°C
Record low 1.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
38°C
May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,380mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–45DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes July to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 8 records in 8 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Phoenix acaulis (acaulis, Latin, trunkless) the dwarf date palm or stemless date palm, is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, native to northern India, Bhutan and Nepal. Found at altitudes from 350 to 1,500 m (1,150 to 4,920 ft), Phoenix acaulis grows in scrubland, savannas and in pine forests. Trunks in this species remain underground or, at most, grow to a few inches in height. Leaves are 11.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long, gray-green, with 25 cm (9.8 in), pinnately arranged leaflets on short, armed petioles.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Phoenix acaulis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,034 mm of 1,380 mm) falls in July to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.3 °C against a yearly mean of 24.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: January to March.

Rain

1,380 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,034 mm of it July to September. Wettest month August at 409 mm, driest month December at 10 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,054 mm to 1,995 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,380 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,380 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 45 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 6.2 °C, the absolute minimum 1.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 45.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 9.7 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 5.3 °C to 12.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 37.7 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 6.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 41 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -27 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 8 records in 8 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Phoenix acaulis through the yearWarmest month May, mean daily high 38 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 9.7 °C; 1,380 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°45.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER1.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 22–45RH 41–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 8 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C23 / 18–2526 / 21–2832 / 26–3336 / 29–3738 / 30–3935 / 27–3630 / 25–3029 / 25–2929 / 25–3030 / 23–3027 / 21–2724 / 20–25
Night °C10 / 5–1212 / 7–1517 / 11–1822 / 15–2224 / 19–2626 / 20–2624 / 19–2523 / 19–2422 / 18–2318 / 15–1914 / 11–1510 / 7–12
Rain mm25 / 12–4426 / 17–4314 / 12–6415 / 6–7740 / 10–142160 / 118–269362 / 238–445409 / 250–465263 / 162–31445 / 37–13211 / 9–4710 / 8–20
DLI30 / 23–3235 / 28–3742 / 36–4245 / 41–4645 / 41–4636 / 31–3624 / 23–2622 / 22–2628 / 25–2932 / 27–3430 / 25–3028 / 22–29
RH %52 / 52–5848 / 47–5544 / 41–5241 / 36–5344 / 39–5654 / 52–6266 / 64–7169 / 66–7164 / 63–6856 / 53–6353 / 49–5952 / 51–58
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 8 grid cells holding the 8 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1326:5218 (23.675, 80.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 1.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 6.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 45.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 8 distinct grid cells holding 8 of the 8 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1326:5218 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.50_80.625, lapse-corrected -27 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 464 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAssam, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, West Himalaya · introduced: Trinidad-Tobago · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker23.661, 80.924 · in the densest population, 12 records (67% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial or subshrub” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 18 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 8 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 13 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 285 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 10 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 18 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Phoenix acaulis, photograph 1did not loadPhoenix acaulis, photograph 2did not loadPhoenix acaulis, photograph 3did not load

Photographs: (c) Jens-Christian Svenning, some rights reserved (CC BY); Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Fernandoa adenophylla Fernandoa adenophylla Bignoniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Shyam Phartyal Strophanthus wallichii Apocynaceae Tripidium bengalense Tripidium bengalense Tall cane Photo: CC BY-SA, A. J. T. Johnsingh, WWF-India and NCFJusticia adhatoda Justicia adhatoda Malabar nut Photo: CC BY-SA, Manoj KaringamadathilShorea robusta Shorea robusta Sal tree Photo: CC BY-SA, Srichakra Pranav TamarapalliPhanera vahlii Phanera vahlii Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, T R Shankar Raman

Other Phoenix 9 in the reference

Phoenix canariensis Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm Photo: CC BY, Cara-Lisa SchlootsPhoenix dactylifera Phoenix dactylifera Date palm Photo: CC BY, Sula VanderplankPhoenix loureiroi Phoenix loureiroi Loureir's date palm Photo: CC0, author not statedPhoenix paludosa Phoenix paludosa Mangrove date palm Photo: CC BY, Jyotsna NagPhoenix reclinata Phoenix reclinata Senegal date palm Photo: CC BY, traianbertauPhoenix roebelenii Phoenix roebelenii Pygmy date palm Photo: CC BY, Mark RichmanPhoenix rupicola Phoenix rupicola East Indian wine palm Photo: CC BY, chintan shethPhoenix sylvestris Phoenix sylvestris Wild date palm Photo: CC BY, John BrewPhoenix theophrasti Phoenix theophrasti Cretan date palm Photo: CC BY, Eleftherios Katsillis

Names & registers

Also known as Phoenix acaulis var. melanocarpa. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Arecaceae
Described by
Roxb.
Native to
Assam, Bangladesh, India +2
Wild records
18 in range · 13 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.50_80.625, lapse-corrected -27 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 9 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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