Species
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Plumeria pudica Jacq.

Hammerleaf Frangipani

Climate known 41 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Plumeria pudica is a species of the genus Plumeria (Apocynaceae), native to Panama, Colombia and Venezuela. This profuse bloomer has leaves in the shape of a cobra's hood, and its flowers are white with a yellow center.

Text from Wikipedia, “Plumeria pudica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Plumeria

Plumeria, commonly known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. They are native to the Neotropical realm in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northwestern South America, but are often grown as ornamental plants in tropical regions, including Florida, Hawaii, South America south to northern Argentina, southern China, northern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Senegal, and in parts of the Arabian Peninsula with irrigation.

Text from Wikipedia, “Plumeria”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Apocynaceae
Described by
Jacq.
Native to
Panama, Venezuelan Antilles, Venezuela +1
Wild records
374 in range· 190 open

At a glance

Warmest month
29°C
Apr, mean day; nights 23 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1621mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Oct 214 mm (CHELSA)
Light
29–36DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, April to June and August to November at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (0.5 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 1621 mm a year, wettest October at 214 mm, driest February at 60 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 36 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 19.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Plumeria caracasana J.R.Johnst.; Plumeria cochleata S.F.Blake.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, April to June and August to November at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (0.5 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (1190 mm of 1621 mm) falls in April to June and August to November. The temperature curve is flat, 0.5 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere, within 10° of the equator; with no thermal season there there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1621 mm a year, wettest October at 214 mm, driest February at 60 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1621 mm a year at the habitat, 1190 mm of it April to June and August to November. Wettest month October at 214 mm, driest February at 60 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 885 mm to 3000 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 36 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 25, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 19.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 19.9 °C, the absolute minimum 17.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.3 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 22.1 °C in December (across the envelope cells 17.2 °C to 25.3 °C), warmest day 28.6 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 19.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 28 °C in Jun to 29 °C in Apr; mean night from 22 °C in Dec to 23 °C in May. The cold quarter, Nov to Jan, is the three months around the coldest night. 1621 mm of rain a year, most in Oct. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 242 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 17.1 °C and the 99th-percentile day 39.3 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.15°20°25°30°35°40°45°39.3° 99th-percentile day (undated)17.1° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 29–36RH 63–67 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 242 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 24–3228 / 24–3328 / 24–3229 / 24–3128 / 24–3028 / 24–3028 / 24–3128 / 25–3128 / 24–3128 / 24–3028 / 24–3028 / 24–30
Night °C22 / 17–2523 / 17–2523 / 18–2523 / 18–2623 / 18–2623 / 18–2623 / 17–2623 / 17–2623 / 17–2623 / 17–2622 / 18–2622 / 17–25
Rain mm62 / 7–11360 / 8–13771 / 11–191166 / 41–297183 / 83–352127 / 55–368126 / 42–358138 / 44–331165 / 73–309214 / 108–370197 / 111–321112 / 44–184
DLI33 / 29–3635 / 31–3936 / 31–4133 / 28–4130 / 26–4030 / 25–3832 / 26–4034 / 28–4033 / 29–3931 / 27–3529 / 26–3331 / 27–33
RH %63 / 55–6963 / 54–6863 / 56–6966 / 60–7167 / 61–7266 / 61–7266 / 59–7266 / 58–7166 / 59–7167 / 61–7267 / 62–7265 / 59–71

Each figure is the median across the 242 grid cells holding the 367 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1665:2267 (6.725, -66.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 17.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 19.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 242 distinct grid cells holding the 367 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1665:2267 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.50_-66.875, lapse-corrected -81 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 150 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativePanama, Venezuelan Antilles, Venezuela, Colombia· introduced: Cayman Is., Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is.
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker3.403, -76.53 · in the densest population, 181 records (48% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 374 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 190 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 50 km away. 1182 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 7 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 374 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Plumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudicaPlumeria pudica

Photographs: (c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Ram Dayal Vaishnav, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Matias Baranzelli, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) biogeek, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Soumyadip Dewanji, some rights reserved (CC BY); no rights reserved · CC0.

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Plumeria pudica, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Plumeria pudica Jacq. flower extract - mediated silver nanoparticles: Characterization and evaluation of biomedical applications
Gunasekaran Suriyakala, Sivaji Sathiyaraj, Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi, Kayeen Vadakkan (2021) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Laticifer proteins from Plumeria pudica inhibit the inflammatory and nociceptive responses by decreasing the action of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines
Heliana B. Fernandes, Douglas L. Machado, Jordana Maia Dias, Tarcísio Vieira de Brito (2015) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
Proteins from Plumeria pudica latex exhibit protective effect in acetic acid induced colitis in mice by inhibition of pro-inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress
Naylla Veras de Moraes Oliveira, Bruna da Silva Souza, Lucas Arruda Moita, Lucas Eduardo Silva Oliveira (2019) · Life Sciences
Antidiarrheal effects of water-soluble proteins from Plumeria pudica latex in mice
Lucas de Araújo Bastos Santana, Diêgo Passos Aragão, Thiago de Souza Lopes Araújo, Nayara Alves de Sousa (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
Exploring phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Plumeria pudica Jacq. leaves
Kavan Shukla, Kunal N. Odedra, B. A. Jadeja (2025) · Scientific Reports
In-vitro Bactericidal Activity of a Novel Plant Source Plumeria pudica against Some Human and Fish Pathogenic Bacteria
Shubhaisi Das, Sunanda Burman, Goutam Chandra (2020) · Current Drug Discovery Technologies
Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plumeria Pudica floral extract
Sumit Shrivastava, Asita Kulshreshtha, Shikha Srivastava, Rajesh K. Gangwar (2022) · Materials Today Proceedings
Latex proteins from Plumeria pudica reduce ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats
Lucas Eduardo Silva Oliveira, Lucas Arruda Moita, Bruna S. Souza, Naylla M. V. Oliveira (2021) · Oral Diseases
Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Plumeria pudica leaf extract and its application in anti-cancerous activity
Sumit Shrivastava, Asita Kulshreshtha, Rajesh K. Gangwar, Shikha Srivastava (2023) · Journal of Experimental Nanoscience
Anti-Candida activity of few India Medicinal herbs used in the treatment of Gynecological disorders
Shweta Shriwas, Raju Chouksey, Sumeet Dwivedi (2021) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
Plumeria pudica Jacq. : TAMBAHAN UNTUK MARGA PLUMERIA (APOCYNACEAE) DI JAWA
Muhammad Rifqi Hariri, Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam, Rina Ratnasih Irwanto (2019) · BIOTIKA Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Plumeria 2 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 59 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.