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Rubus spectabilis; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-09-23

Rubus spectabilis Pursh

Salmonberry

Rosaceae · Alaska, British Columbia +4

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Rubus spectabilis, photograph (c) Kalvin Chan, some rights reserved (CC BY)Rubus spectabilis, photograph (c) carbapple, some rights reserved (CC BY)Rubus spectabilis, photograph (c) carbapple, some rights reserved (CC BY)Rubus spectabilis, photograph (c) carbapple, some rights reserved (CC BY)Rubus spectabilis, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedRubus spectabilis, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 62 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-5.8°C
Record low -14.1 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
21°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,033mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
6–40DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to March, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Rubus spectabilis, the salmonberry, is a species of bramble native to the west coast of North America. Its fruit is typically yellow-orange or red, resembling raspberries. The plant grows in the wild, and is not cultivated.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Rubus spectabilis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Rubus

Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, cloudberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, and estimates of the number of Rubus species vary from 250 to over 1,000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Rubus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,454 mm of 1,963 mm) falls in October to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 6.2 °C against a yearly mean of 9.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to September.

Rain

1,963 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,454 mm of it October to March. Wettest month November at 303 mm, driest month July at 42 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,065 mm to 3,601 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,033 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,963 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 6 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -5.8 °C, the absolute minimum -14.1 °C, 1,505 frost nights in 44 years, 34.2 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 23.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 1.4 °C in December (across the grid cells of the range -4.1 °C to 5.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 21.4 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -5.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +173 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Rubus spectabilis through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 21 °C; coldest month December, mean nightly low 1.4 °C; 1,963 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost23.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-14.1° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 6–40RH 60–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 767 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C6 / 1–98 / 2–119 / 4–1212 / 7–1515 / 11–1818 / 14–2121 / 16–2521 / 16–2519 / 15–2214 / 9–179 / 3–116 / 1–9
Night °C2 / -4–52 / -4–53 / -2–65 / 0–78 / 3–1011 / 7–1213 / 10–1413 / 10–1511 / 7–138 / 3–104 / -2–71 / -4–5
Rain mm280 / 152–481198 / 103–340193 / 105–334146 / 69–261110 / 54–18285 / 41–14942 / 17–10144 / 20–12382 / 39–206189 / 96–436303 / 167–534291 / 161–487
DLI7 / 5–913 / 10–1520 / 18–2329 / 27–3235 / 33–3838 / 34–4140 / 33–4635 / 28–4126 / 20–3115 / 11–198 / 5–106 / 4–8
RH %65 / 63–6963 / 61–6663 / 61–6562 / 60–6561 / 59–6561 / 59–6760 / 57–6860 / 57–6961 / 57–6764 / 61–6766 / 63–6965 / 62–69
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 767 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1282 records in those cells; 5 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 826:1106 (48.675, -124.675). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -14.1 °C, 1st-percentile night -5.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 23.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 767 distinct grid cells holding 1282 of the 1294 in-range records (5 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 826:1106 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.50_-124.375, lapse-corrected +173 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 434 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAlaska, British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California · introduced: Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker49.232, -122.804 · in the densest population, 744 records (54% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1372 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1282 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1294 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 371 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 6 km away. 341 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 78 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1372 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Rubus spectabilis, photograph 1did not loadRubus spectabilis, photograph 2did not loadRubus spectabilis, photograph 3did not loadRubus spectabilis, photograph 4did not loadRubus spectabilis, photograph 5did not loadRubus spectabilis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Kalvin Chan, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) carbapple, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Malus fusca Malus fusca Oregon crab apple Photo: CC0, author not statedLysichiton americanus Lysichiton americanus American skunk cabbage Photo: CC BY, EmersonVaccinium parvifolium Vaccinium parvifolium Red huckleberry Photo: CC BY, Harry PodschwitAlnus rubra Alnus rubra Red alder Photo: CC BY, Vitaliy MaslyanchukClaytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica Pink purslane Photo: CC BY, rosaceae_robertsPolypodium glycyrrhiza Polypodium glycyrrhiza Licorice fern Photo: CC BY, John Brew

Other Rubus 103 in the reference

Rubus acuminatus Rubus acuminatus Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Anastasia TitovetsRubus adenotrichos Rubus adenotrichos Tropical Highland Blackberry Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialRubus affinis Rubus affinis Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Dave RichardsonRubus alceifolius Rubus alceifolius Giant bramble Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Rubus allegheniensis Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry Photo: CC BY, The Wrong IndustryRubus arcticus Rubus arcticus Arctic bramble Photo: CC BY, Matt BergerRubus argutus Rubus argutus Sawtooth blackberry Photo: CC BY, cello caruso-turielloRubus armeniacus Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Photo: CC0, author not statedRubus australis Rubus australis Rosaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated Rubus bambusarum Rosaceae Rubus × barkeri Rosaceae Rubus biflorus Rubus biflorus Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Siddarth Machado all 104 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Parmena spectabilis; Rubus ribifolius; Rubus spectabilis var. frondosus; Rubus spectabilis var. spectabilis; Rubus spectabilis var. uncinatus and 1 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Rubus ursinus Torr. & A.Gray is an older name of this species, not Rubus ursinus, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Rosaceae
Described by
Pursh
Native to
Alaska, British Columbia, Idaho +3
Wild records
1372 in range · 371 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 68 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (31 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 5 at a herbarium, 32 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.50_-124.375, lapse-corrected +173 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 57 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…