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Arisaema filiforme; photograph Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF CC BYJason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF

Arisaema filiforme (Reinw.) Blume

Araceae · Borneo, Jawa +3

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Arisaema filiforme, photograph Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema filiforme, photograph Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema filiforme, photograph Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema filiforme, photograph Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema filiforme, photograph Cheongweei Gan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema filiforme, photograph Cheongweei Gan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 20 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
11.8°C
Record low 10.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep and Oct at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,385mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Arisaema

Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arisaema", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,922 mm of 3,831 mm) takes 8 months, October to May. Mean temperature moves 1.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

3,831 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,922 mm of it October to May. Wettest month March at 419 mm, driest month June at 199 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 3,041 mm to 4,554 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,385 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,831 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 37).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 11.8 °C, the absolute minimum 10.0 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 24.1 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 13.8 °C in July and August (across the grid cells of the range 9.7 °C to 16.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.4 °C in April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 11.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 66 to 72% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +875 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Arisaema filiforme through the yearWarmest months February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest months July and August, mean nightly low 13.8 °C; 3,831 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°24.1° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER10.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 25–34RH 66–72%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 24 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C21 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 18–2522 / 18–2522 / 18–2522 / 18–2522 / 18–2522 / 18–2622 / 19–2622 / 18–2621 / 18–2521 / 17–24
Night °C14 / 11–1814 / 11–1814 / 11–1815 / 11–1815 / 11–1814 / 10–1714 / 10–1714 / 10–1714 / 10–1715 / 11–1815 / 12–1814 / 11–18
Rain mm392 / 199–570348 / 171–534419 / 213–496344 / 221–433306 / 195–412199 / 131–267211 / 99–249225 / 84–249274 / 112–308364 / 233–412375 / 302–471374 / 302–485
DLI26 / 23–3027 / 23–3428 / 25–3529 / 25–3428 / 27–3129 / 26–3130 / 27–3332 / 29–3534 / 28–3732 / 25–3527 / 24–3025 / 23–28
RH %72 / 68–7571 / 66–7470 / 66–7270 / 67–7369 / 66–7267 / 64–7066 / 63–6966 / 62–6867 / 64–6970 / 66–7071 / 68–7371 / 69–74
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 24 grid cells holding the 39 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1708:5628 (4.575, 101.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 10.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 24 distinct grid cells holding 39 of the 39 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1708:5628 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 4.50_101.250, lapse-corrected +875 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1468 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBorneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sumatera · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-6.767, 106.933 · in the densest population, 26 records (38% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 68 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 39 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 29 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1755 km away. 3 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 29 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 68 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Arisaema filiforme, photograph 1did not loadArisaema filiforme, photograph 2did not loadArisaema filiforme, photograph 3did not loadArisaema filiforme, photograph 4did not loadArisaema filiforme, photograph 5did not loadArisaema filiforme, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Jason Alexander, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4); Cheongweei Gan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Dacrycarpus imbricatus Dacrycarpus imbricatus Java dacryberry Photo: CC BY, Nina Kerr Cyrtandra oblongifolia Gesneriaceae Aeschynanthus rhododendron Aeschynanthus rhododendron Gesneriaceae Photo: CC BY, Rock McLarenRhododendron retusum Rhododendron retusum Ericaceae Photo: CC0, DaderotCoelogyne kaliana Coelogyne kaliana Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, snotch from Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanBegonia venusta Begonia venusta Begoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Ong Jyh Seng

Other Arisaema 52 in the reference

Arisaema amurense Arisaema amurense Amur jack-in-the-pulpit Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoArisaema angustatum Arisaema angustatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Alexander Wentworth Arisaema aridum Araceae Arisaema asperatum Araceae Arisaema auriculatum Araceae Arisaema bockii Arisaema bockii Araceae Photo: CC BY, Jiao Sun (孙娇)Arisaema candidissimum Arisaema candidissimum Araceae Photo: CC0, Peter coxheadArisaema ciliatum Arisaema ciliatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGArisaema concinnum Arisaema concinnum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Morten RossArisaema consanguineum Arisaema consanguineum Himalayan cobra lily Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Tao LinArisaema costatum Arisaema costatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta RoyArisaema cucullatum Arisaema cucullatum Araceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Qwert1234 all 53 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Arisaema fallax; Arisaema filiforme f. pedatisectum; Arisaema filiforme f. ternatum; Arisaema filiforme var. chlorospathum; Arisaema filiforme var. fallax and 6 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Registers not checked Wikidata did not answer when this page was built, so the links it gives (POWO, IPNI, World Flora Online, Wikipedia) were not checked; any shown here are kept from an earlier build. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
GBIF

The record

Family
Araceae
Described by
(Reinw.) Blume
Native to
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is. +2
Wild records
68 in range · 29 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 4.50_101.250, lapse-corrected +875 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata failedasked 2026-10-21query.wikidata.org timeout (batched: Wikidata's query service, 200 GBIF keys)
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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