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Arisaema thunbergii; photograph りなべる, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF CC BYりなべる, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF

Arisaema thunbergii Blume

Asian jack-in-the-pulpit

Araceae · Japan, Korea

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Arisaema thunbergii, photograph Ashwin Srinivasan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema thunbergii, photograph WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema thunbergii, photograph WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema thunbergii, photograph Brad Barker, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema thunbergii, photograph Se Lena, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArisaema thunbergii, photograph harum.koh, CC BY-SA, iNaturalist via GBIF 24 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-1.7°C
Record low -3.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
28°C
Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,677mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
15–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes April to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Arisaema thunbergii, commonly known as Asian jack-in-the-pulpit, is a plant species in the family Araceae. It is native to Japan, southern Korea, and Taiwan. In Japan it grows at elevations of 20–100 meters. The plant is poisonous as all parts contain calcium oxalate.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arisaema thunbergii", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Arisaema

Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arisaema", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,272 mm of 1,697 mm) falls in April to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 20.6 °C against a yearly mean of 15.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to April.

Rain

1,697 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,272 mm of it April to October. Wettest month September at 216 mm, driest month December at 58 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,395 mm to 2,777 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,677 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,697 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 15 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -1.7 °C, the absolute minimum -3.5 °C, 1,166 frost nights in 44 years, 26.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 1.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -3.5 °C to 6.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 27.7 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -1.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -17 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Arisaema thunbergii through the yearWarmest month August, mean daily high 28 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 1.0 °C; 1,697 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost34.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-3.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 15–34RH 55–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 201 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C8 / 3–109 / 4–1012 / 8–1316 / 13–1820 / 17–2223 / 21–2527 / 24–2828 / 26–3025 / 23–2620 / 17–2115 / 11–1711 / 6–13
Night °C1 / -4–61 / -3–64 / 0–89 / 6–1314 / 11–1718 / 16–2022 / 20–2323 / 21–2520 / 17–2215 / 11–189 / 5–134 / -1–9
Rain mm63 / 42–18472 / 47–163130 / 83–222134 / 105–228151 / 120–250192 / 157–340206 / 138–357186 / 135–312216 / 189–339187 / 88–257102 / 63–21958 / 36–189
DLI17 / 14–1822 / 19–2326 / 25–2932 / 31–3434 / 32–3631 / 28–3532 / 29–3433 / 30–3525 / 23–2821 / 19–2416 / 16–1815 / 13–17
RH %55 / 53–6056 / 54–6057 / 55–6059 / 57–6162 / 59–6466 / 63–6968 / 65–7166 / 64–7064 / 62–6760 / 58–6358 / 56–6256 / 54–60
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 201 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (319 records in those cells; 11 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1085:6405 (35.725, 140.275). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -3.5 °C, 1st-percentile night -1.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 201 distinct grid cells holding 319 of the 333 in-range records (11 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1085:6405 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.50_140.000, lapse-corrected -17 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 22 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeJapan, Korea · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker35.476, 139.457 · in the densest population, 539 records (56% of those in range)
Kew's description“tuberous geophyte” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 971 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 319 of them in the land cells it reads, of 333 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 731 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 36 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 638 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 971 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Arisaema thunbergii, photograph 1did not loadArisaema thunbergii, photograph 2did not loadArisaema thunbergii, photograph 3did not loadArisaema thunbergii, photograph 4did not loadArisaema thunbergii, photograph 5did not loadArisaema thunbergii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Ashwin Srinivasan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Brad Barker, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF; Se Lena, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; harum.koh, CC BY-SA, iNaturalist via GBIF.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Weigela coraeensis Weigela coraeensis Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, mami_t_tRosa luciae Rosa luciae Memorial Rose Photo: CC BY, 岸本年郎Fatsia japonica Fatsia japonica Glossy-leaf paper plant Photo: CC BY, florawhiteReineckea carnea Reineckea carnea Kichijo-so Photo: CC BY, Saryu Mae 前 朝琉Aspidistra elatior Aspidistra elatior Cast-iron-plant Photo: CC BY, Joseph HubbardHydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea macrophylla French hydrangea Photo: CC BY, Claude Kolwelter

Other Arisaema 52 in the reference

Arisaema amurense Arisaema amurense Amur jack-in-the-pulpit Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoArisaema angustatum Arisaema angustatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Alexander Wentworth Arisaema aridum Araceae Arisaema asperatum Araceae Arisaema auriculatum Araceae Arisaema bockii Arisaema bockii Araceae Photo: CC BY, Jiao Sun (孙娇)Arisaema candidissimum Arisaema candidissimum Araceae Photo: CC0, Peter coxheadArisaema ciliatum Arisaema ciliatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGArisaema concinnum Arisaema concinnum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Morten RossArisaema consanguineum Arisaema consanguineum Himalayan cobra lily Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Tao LinArisaema costatum Arisaema costatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta RoyArisaema cucullatum Arisaema cucullatum Araceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Qwert1234 all 53 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Flagellarisaema thunbergii. (GBIF Backbone)

Registers not checked Wikidata did not answer when this page was built, so the links it gives (POWO, IPNI, World Flora Online, Wikipedia) were not checked; any shown here are kept from an earlier build. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
GBIFWikipedia

The record

Family
Araceae
Described by
Blume
Native to
Japan, Korea
Wild records
971 in range · 731 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 87 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (67 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 19 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.50_140.000, lapse-corrected -17 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata failedasked 2026-10-21query.wikidata.org timeout (batched: Wikidata's query service, 200 GBIF keys)
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 59 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…