Species
+

Combretum indicum (L.) De Filipps

Cocuisa, Corazón de hombre, Cuiscualis (ES); Rangoon creeper (EN), Rangoon creeper

Climate known 59 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Combretum indicum, commonly known as the Rangoon creeper or Burma creeper, is a vine with red flower clusters which is native to tropical Asia and grows in thickets, primary and secondary forest, and along river banks in the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia and the Philippines. It has since been cultivated and naturalized in tropical areas such as Burma, Vietnam, and Thailand.

Text from Wikipedia, “Combretum indicum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Combretum

Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, and tropical America.

Text from Wikipedia, “Combretum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Combretaceae
Described by
(L.) De Filipps
Native to
Tanzania, China South-Central, Hainan +27
Wild records
1147 in range· 303 open

At a glance

Warmest month
31°C
Apr, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1405mm/yr
11 wet months · peak Jul 219 mm (CHELSA)
Light
30–40DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, May to October at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (3.8 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 1405 mm a year, wettest July at 219 mm, driest January at 21 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 40 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 10.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps; Combretum indicum (L.) Jongkind; Kleinia quadricolor Crantz; Mekistus sinensis Lour.; Mekistus sinensis Lour. ex Gomes and 15 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, May to October at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (3.8 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (1130 mm of 1405 mm) falls in May to October. The temperature curve is flat, 3.8 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; with a flat temperature curve there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1405 mm a year, wettest July at 219 mm, driest January at 21 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1405 mm a year at the habitat, 1130 mm of it May to October. Wettest month July at 219 mm, driest January at 21 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 840 mm to 3163 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 40 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 10.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 10.9 °C, the absolute minimum 7.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 44.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 19.6 °C in January (across the envelope cells 8.9 °C to 24.5 °C), warmest day 31.3 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 28 °C in Dec to 31 °C in Apr; mean night from 20 °C in Jan to 25 °C in Jun. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1405 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 832 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 7.1 °C and the 99th-percentile day 44.6 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°44.6° 99th-percentile day (undated)7.1° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 30–40RH 59–66 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 832 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 19–3129 / 21–3230 / 24–3531 / 26–3731 / 27–3930 / 27–3629 / 26–3229 / 26–3229 / 27–3229 / 26–3228 / 24–3128 / 20–30
Night °C20 / 9–2521 / 11–2522 / 15–2524 / 19–2625 / 21–2725 / 20–2724 / 20–2624 / 19–2624 / 20–2523 / 18–2521 / 14–2520 / 10–25
Rain mm21 / 2–31226 / 2–28246 / 5–26784 / 7–245149 / 24–292168 / 57–505219 / 57–581212 / 53–500219 / 69–357163 / 26–33769 / 11–32329 / 5–294
DLI32 / 22–3736 / 26–4039 / 30–4340 / 30–4636 / 30–4632 / 26–3831 / 24–3531 / 24–3632 / 27–3832 / 28–3830 / 25–3530 / 22–34
RH %59 / 51–6760 / 48–6860 / 47–6862 / 43–6863 / 45–6865 / 53–7065 / 59–7166 / 60–7165 / 59–6963 / 53–6861 / 51–6859 / 51–67

Each figure is the median across the 832 grid cells holding the 1110 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2146:6072 (-17.325, 123.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 7.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 44.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 832 distinct grid cells holding the 1110 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2146:6072 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -17.50_123.750, lapse-corrected -27 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 6 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeTanzania, China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Christmas I., Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia· introduced: Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Cabinda, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Angola, Comoros, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Pakistan, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., New Caledonia, Hawaii, Florida, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Venezuela
Kew's description“climber” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker12.956, 77.639 · in the densest population, 295 records (26% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1147 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 303 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 222 km away. 612 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 37 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1147 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Combretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicumCombretum indicum

Photographs: (c) Aadi Kulkarni, some rights reserved (CC BY) (5); (c) Huey, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Rajeesh, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) Gannu03, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Combretum indicum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Gold nanoparticles induced apoptosis via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
E. Kowsalya, Kithiyon MosaChristas, Chinna Rani Inbaraj Jaquline, P. Balashanmugam (2020) · Applied Organometallic Chemistry
Community-wise evaluation of rice beer prepared by some ethnic tribes of Tripura
Sushanta Ghosh, Lovely Rahaman, David Lalvohbika Kaipeng, Dipankar Deb (2016) · Journal of Ethnic Foods
GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN DIABETES MELLITUS
I N MARKS, CHARLES R. SHUMAN, Harry Shay (1959) · Annals of Internal Medicine
Microscopic investigation of palyno‐morphological features of melliferous flora of Lakki Marwat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Shabir Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Lubna (2019) · Microscopy Research and Technique
Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous petal extract of the medicinal plantCombretum indicum
Gaurav Bahuguna, Amit Kumar, Neeraj Kumar Mishra, C. Dhanunjaya Kumar (2016) · Materials Research Express
Anti-Infectious Plants of the Thai Karen: A Meta-Analysis
Methee Phumthum, Henrik Balslev (2020) · Antibiotics
The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction
Prisca S. L. Paré, Domonbabélé François de Sales Hien, Mariam Youba, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga (2024) · Ecology and Evolution
Biosynthesis of green CuO@C nanocomposite using Combretum indicum flower extract for organic dye removal: adsorption performance, modeling, and recyclability studies
Duyen Xuan My Bui, Uyen Thi Phuong Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen, Dinh Tien Dung Nguyen (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 123 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.