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Pandanus conoideus; photograph (c) Cheongweei Gan, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Cheongweei Gan, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2024-11-30

Pandanus conoideus Lam.

Pandanaceae · Maluku, Bismarck Archipelago +4

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Sow seed
Pandanus conoideus, photograph (c) Cheongweei Gan, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pandanus conoideus, photograph Jialiang Gao (peace-on-earth.org), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPandanus conoideus, photograph Paul from Working and living in Jayapura (Papua Province) and Jakarta, Indonesia, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPandanus conoideus, photograph Lefaan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 5 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
13.5°C
Record low 9.1 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Sep, Oct, Nov and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,835mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
28–33DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Pandanus conoideus is a plant in the Pandanus family from New Guinea. Its fruit is eaten in Papua New Guinea and Papua, Indonesia. The fruit has several names: marata, marita in Papua New Guinea local language, kuansu in Dani of Wamena or buah merah ("red fruit") in common Indonesian. The fruit is typically prepared by splitting it, wrapping it in leaves, and cooking it in an earth oven, making it a traditional delicacy.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pandanus conoideus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Pandanus

Pandanus is a genus of monocots with about 578 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan, screw palm and screw pine. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pandanus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,649 mm of 3,749 mm) takes 8 months, December to May, July and September. Mean temperature moves 1.2 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

3,749 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,649 mm of it December to May, July and September. Wettest month March at 373 mm, driest month November at 255 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 3,023 mm to 5,373 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,835 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,749 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 33 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 37).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 13.5 °C, the absolute minimum 9.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.8 °C in July, August and September (across the grid cells of the range 13.1 °C to 24.8 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.1 °C in January, February, March, November and December (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 13.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 70 to 72% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -43 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Pandanus conoideus through the yearWarmest months January, February, March, April, May, September, October, November and December, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest months July, August and September, mean nightly low 14.8 °C; 3,749 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°26.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER9.1° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 28–33RH 70–72%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 12 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C22 / 20–2722 / 20–2822 / 20–2822 / 20–2822 / 20–2821 / 19–2821 / 19–2721 / 19–2722 / 20–2822 / 20–2822 / 20–2822 / 20–28
Night °C16 / 14–2516 / 14–2516 / 14–2516 / 14–2516 / 14–2515 / 14–2515 / 13–2515 / 13–2515 / 13–2515 / 13–2516 / 14–2516 / 14–25
Rain mm322 / 245–517313 / 244–554373 / 295–611359 / 264–568337 / 231–452266 / 167–454308 / 175–474282 / 152–446298 / 189–456297 / 211–408255 / 205–429339 / 241–582
DLI31 / 28–3432 / 28–3631 / 29–3730 / 27–3530 / 25–3329 / 24–3128 / 25–3231 / 26–3433 / 29–3533 / 30–3432 / 29–3431 / 27–34
RH %71 / 67–7371 / 68–7472 / 68–7472 / 69–7572 / 69–7372 / 68–7371 / 68–7370 / 68–7371 / 68–7271 / 68–7271 / 68–7372 / 68–73
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 12 grid cells holding the 14 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1905:6488 (-5.275, 144.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 9.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 12 distinct grid cells holding 14 of the 14 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1905:6488 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -5.50_144.375, lapse-corrected -43 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1490 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMaluku, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, Caroline Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-7.008, 146.592 · in the densest population, 24 records (47% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 51 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 14 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 38 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 192 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 37 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 51 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Pandanus conoideus, photograph 1did not loadPandanus conoideus, photograph 2did not loadPandanus conoideus, photograph 3did not loadPandanus conoideus, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: (c) Cheongweei Gan, some rights reserved (CC BY); Jialiang Gao (peace-on-earth.org), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Paul from Working and living in Jayapura (Papua Province) and Jakarta, Indonesia, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Lefaan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Maxillaria jacquelineana Maxillaria jacquelineana Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Thibaud AronsonStanhopea connata Stanhopea connata Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Alan RockefellerOxalis hedysaroides Oxalis hedysaroides Oxalidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, londoño María del PilarXanthosoma undipes Xanthosoma undipes Tall elephant's ear Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldMaxillaria fletcheriana Maxillaria fletcheriana Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Dr. Alexey YakovlevUtricularia jamesoniana Utricularia jamesoniana Jameson's utricularia Photo: CC BY, Cody Hinchliff

Other Pandanus 26 in the reference

Pandanus amaryllifolius Pandanus amaryllifolius Fragrant Pandan Photo: CC BY, chiuluanPandanus aquaticus Pandanus aquaticus Water Pandan Photo: CC BY, Stella FishPandanus austrosinensis Pandanus austrosinensis Pandanaceae Photo: CC BY, Kalvin ChanPandanus balfourii Pandanus balfourii Balfour’s Pandanus Photo: CC0, author not statedPandanus basedowii Pandanus basedowii Sandstone Pandanus Photo: CC BY, Thomas MesaglioPandanus cookii Pandanus cookii Cook's pandan Photo: CC0, author not statedPandanus dubius Pandanus dubius Knob-fruited Screwpine Photo: CC BY, GabrielPandanus furcatus Pandanus furcatus Pandanus Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta RoyPandanus gemmifer Pandanus gemmifer Pup pandan Photo: CC BY, Richard LittauerPandanus kaida Pandanus kaida False Pineapple Photo: CC0, author not stated Pandanus labyrinthicus Pandanaceae Pandanus livingstonianus Pandanus livingstonianus Screw-pine Photo: CC BY-SA, Bart Wursten all 27 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Bryantia butyrophora; Pandanus butyrophorus; Pandanus ceramicus; Pandanus cominsii; Pandanus cominsii var. augustus and 12 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Pandanus sylvestris Kunth is an older name of this species, not Pandanus sylvestris, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Pandanaceae
Described by
Lam.
Native to
Maluku, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea +3
Wild records
51 in range · 38 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -5.50_144.375, lapse-corrected -43 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 15 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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